Upnishad- also known as Brahmavidhaya and Vedant)

Upnishad - (Also known as Brahmavidhaya and Vedant) – 

This is the last part of Veda so also known as Vedanta (End of Veda).

The word Upnishad has 2 parts up + Nishad, up means Close and Nishad means ‘To Sit’. 

This way Upnishad means – “Sitting closely”.

Some scholars say that in broad sense the word Upnishad came when Pupils came to their ‘Guru’s Ashram’ and sit closely to get knowledge of the ‘Mysticism’ (Rahasaya Vidya) or Mystic Knowledge.

Some other Scholars say that Upnishada  means ‘the knowledge which people get after sitting close to Brahma’ means ‘come close to yourself’ and get ‘Self knowledge’ (Atmgyan). 

‘Meeting of Spirit with Ether’ or ‘knowing of Ether by Spirit’ this is the knowledge of Upnishada.

No doubt in Upnishada there is pure knowledge and ‘Curiosity’ everywhere.  

Upnishada shows the in-depth knowledge of Ancient Indian’s when rest of the world was not even fully civilized. 

These Upanishad’s are not composed in a specific period or by one man.  

These are composed by many people in a great length of time.

Scholar man and Women both from all cast Brahmin, Chatriya, and Vasya contributed in the making of Upnishada.

Gargi, Matraye is the ‘enlightened’ women who are remembered with great regard due to their contribution in making of Upnishada. 

Upnishada says “Ekam Satya Viprah Vaudha Badanti”, (Brahman says Truth is One).

There are 12 Upnishada – Ishayasya, Ken, Keth, Prasana, Mundak, Manduakaya, Atarya, Tatarya, Swateshwar, Chandyogya, Brihadarayanak, and Kausitik.  

1  1"को ददर्श प़थमा जायमानम्" ।   2. "कस्मै देवाय हविषा विधेम"।

In the first question he says - Who has seen the Life first. Or who had bore first?

In second question he says – To which God we will offer our Yajana (goods through fire, Yajana).

This shows their curiosity about life, God and all the things. 

He wants to know them. He is not satisfied with only doing “Yajana”. 

He wants to know the Universe - Seen – Unseen.

अहं ब्रह्मास्मि महावाक्य का शाब्दिक अर्थ है मैं ब्रह्म हूँ! 

यहाँ 'अस्मि' शब्द से ब्रह्म और जीव की एकता का बोध होता है।

“Ahaṁ Brahmāsmi” I am the Absolute. 

It is one of the four Mahavakyas used to explain the unity of macrocosm and microcosm.